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Photoshop CS3 A–Z
OverlayLinear Dodge Color Dodge Screen
LightenLinear Burn Color Burn Multiply
Darken DissolveNormal
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Combines the effect of both the
Multiply and Screen modes whilst
blending the top layer with the
bottom. There is no effect if the
top layer is 50% gray.
Similar to the Screen mode but
produces a much stronger
lightening effect. There is no
effect if the top layer is black.
Makes the picture lighter using
the top layer to dodge the bottom
layer. There is no effect if the top
layer is black.
The opposite to the Multiply
mode as it multiplies the inverse
of the top layer with the bottom
layer producing a much lighter
image.
Compares the color in the top and
bottom layers and blends the
pixels if the top layer is lighter
than the bottom.
Uses the same approach as the
Color Burn mode but produces a
stronger darkening effect. There
is no image change when the top
layer is white.
Darkens or ‘burns’ the image
using the contents of the top
layer. There is no image change if
the top layer is white.
Multiplies the color of the bottom
layer with the top layer producing
an overall darker result. There is
no image change when the top
layer is white.
Compares the color of the top and
bottom layers and blends the
pixels where the top layer is darker
than the bottom.
Combines the top layer with the
bottom using a pattern of pixels.
There is no effect if the top layer
is at 100% opacity. Reduce the
opacity to see the effect. Example
set to 80% opacity.
The pixels in the top layer are
opaque and therefore block the
view of the bottom layer.
Adjusting the opacity of the top
layer will make it semi-transparent
causing it to blend with the top
layer.
In the following blend mode
examples the picture has two
layers – ‘Top’ (1) and ‘Bottom’ (2).
In each example the blend mode
of the top layer has been changed
to illustrate how the two layers
blend together.
BLEND MODES
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Soft Light
Luminosity
ColorSaturation
Hue
Exclusion
DifferenceHard Mix Pin Light
Linear Light Vivid Light Hard Light
Similar to the Overlay mode but
produces a more subtle effect.
There is no change if the top layer
is 50% gray.
Combines the Luminance (tones)
of the top layer with the Saturation
(color vibrancy) and Hue (color)
of the bottom layer.
Combines the Hue (color) and
Saturation (color vibrancy) of the
top layer with the Luminance
(tones) of the bottom layer.
Combines the Saturation (color
vibrancy) of the top layer with the
Hue (color) and Luminance (tones)
of the bottom layer.
Combines the Hue (color) of the
top layer with the Saturation
(color vibrancy) and Luminance
(tones) of the bottom layer.
Similar to the Difference mode
but produces less dramatic
effects.
Displays the tonal difference
between the contents of the two
layers by subtracting the lighter
pixels from either of the layers.
This results in a dark and
sometimes reversed image.
Creates a flat toned picture with
limited colors and lots of
posterization. The luminosity of
the top layer is blended with the
color of the bottom.
Blends the light colors in the top
layer using the Lighten mode and
blends the dark colors using the
Darken mode. There is no effect
if the top layer is 50% gray.
Similar to the Vivid Light mode
but produces a more dramatic
result. There is no effect if the top
layer is 50% gray.
Combines the effects of both
Color Burn and Color Dodge
modes and applies the blend
based on the color of the top layer.
There is no effect if the top layer
is 50% gray.
Uses the same approach as the
Overlay mode but the change is
more dramatic. Here the top layer
is either Screened or Multiplied
depending on its color. There is
no effect if the top layer is 50%
gray.
BLEND MODES
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Photoshop CS3 A–Z
Before
After After
Before
Blur fi lters
Menu: Filter > Blur
Shortcut: – See also: Filters, Box Blur fi lter, Surface
Blur fi lter, Shape Blur fi lter
Version: CS2, CS3
Photoshop CS3 contains a extensive array
of blur fi lters including the Box, Shape
and Surface Blur options. It might seem
strange for image makers to actually want
to destroy the sharpness of their photos
but many interesting enhancement effects
make use of these fi lter options.
Box Blur – Fast blur option that is great for
large pictures and special effects work.
Surface Blur – The Surface Blur fi lter is an
edge preserving fi lter that produces results
faster than Smart Blur.
Shape Blur – A blur fi lter that creates its
effect based on a user selected shape. The
amount of blur is determined by the size of
the shape, which is adjusted via the slider
control.
Box, Shape and Surface Blur
options all work in 16 bits and 32
bits per channel (HDR) modes.
Bloat tool, Liquify fi lter
Menu: Filter > Liquify
Shortcut: B (whilst in Liquify fi lter) See also: Liquify fi lter
Version: 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
The Bloat tool is one of several tools in the
Liquify fi lter that allows you to stretch,
twist, push and pull your pictures. It
spreads the pixels apart in the center of a
circle equal to the size of the current brush
tip. The result is like the picture part has
been blown up or ‘bloated’.
To bloat your pictures, select the tool, then
adjust the brush size so that it is the same
dimensions as the area to be changed.
Then hold down the mouse button until
the picture has changed the required
amount. You can drag the mouse across
the canvas bloating the pixels as you go.
To reverse the tool’s effect either select the
Revert button (top right) or paint over the
surface with the Reconstruct tool.
Average – Averages all the color in the
picture and then fi lls the canvas with this
color.
Blur and Blur More – Smooths transitions
and softens details. Blur More is stronger.
Gaussian Blur – Slider-controlled blurring
based on the Gaussian distribution of pixel
changes.
Motion Blur – Blurs the image in a specifi c
direction. Great for speed enhancing
effects.
Radial Blur – Creates either spinning or
zooming blur effects.
Smart Blur – Provides more control
over the type and placement of blur using
Radius, Threshold, Quality and Mode
adjustments.
Lens Blur – This fi lter is used to simulate
realistic depth of fi eld blur effects that
traditionally are created via camera and
lens techniques. The Lens Blur also works
in the 16 bits per channel mode.
Before applying a blur fi lter to a
layer with transparency, make
sure that the Lock Transparency
option is turned off.
BLOAT TOOL, LIQUIFY FILTER
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Blur tool
Menu: –
Shortcut: R See also: Blur fi lters
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
Along with the extensive range of blur
fi lters available in Photoshop, the program
also includes a Blur tool.
The tool is used like a paintbrush but
instead of laying down color on the canvas
the image is blurred.
The Size (brush tip), Mode (blend mode)
and Strength settings for the tool are all
controlled in the options bar.
Surface Blur
Smart BlurShape Blur – bow tie
Radial Blur – zoomLens Blur
More Blur
Motion Blur
Gaussian BlurBox Blur
Average
Original
BLUR TOOL
Blur examples:
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Photoshop CS3 A–Z
Borders
Menu: Select > Modify > Border
Shortcut: – See also: Modify selec-
tions
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
It ’s ea sy to add a bor der to your whole i mage
or a selection. With an area selected choose
the Select > Modify > Border command
and enter a width in pixels. The mode will
be grayed out from the menu if you haven’t
made a selection.
The thickness of border is relative to the
original image size – a 3 pixel border on
a 300 pixel wide image will look much
smaller when applied to a picture with a
600 pixel width.
When applied you’ll have a second set of
marching ants, which you can fi ll using the
Bucket tool or Edit >Fill command. Choose
the color border you want and set this
as the foreground color before applying
the fi ll.
Borders, printing
Menu: File > Print with Preview
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Alt/Opt P See also: Print options
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
You can add a border on the fl y when
making prints with Photoshop.
The Border option is part of the extended
print features found in the Print Preview
dialog that is displayed when the Output
option is selected (1). Click on the Border
button in the right of the dialog (2). The
size of the border is set in the Border dialog
(3) that is displayed and the color for the
stroked edge is always black.
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Bounding box, Move
tool
Menu: –
Shortcut: V (Move tool) See also: Move tool,
Free Transform
command
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
For versions prior to CS2 the Show
Bounding Box setting is located on the
options bar for the Move tool.
Selecting this setting displays a bounding
box complete with edge and side handles
(small boxes) around the currently selected
layer.
The handles can be used to scale, distort,
skew, rotate and apply perspective changes
interactively. See the Free Transform tool
entry for the keystroke combinations for
these changes.
From CS2 the Bounding Box option is
replaced with the Show Transformation
Controls (1).
BORDERS
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Box Blur fi lter
Menu: Filter > Blur > Box Blur
Shortcut: – See also: Filters, Blur fi lters
Version: CS2
The Box Blur fi lter (1) is one of the range of
blur fi lters contained in Photoshop. Like all
the blur fi lters the box blur adds a degree
of unsharpness to the picture. The fi lter
contains a slider control (2) that is used to
adjust the level of blur it produces. Higher
values create less distinct results.
The Box Blur fi lter tends to work very
quickly, especially when used with large
pictures and is often recommended for
the creation of blur in special effects
techniques.
Bridge Center
Menu: –
Shortcut: – See also: Bridge,
Bridge Home
Version: CS2 (with Creative Suite
installed)
For those users who have the Adobe
Creative suite installed, Bridge contains
another mode for the feature called
Bridge Center. This is the pivot point
for information, fi le management and
integration of the various components in
the Creative Suite.
In Bridge Center mode you can view news
group posting and other web content (1),
catch up on the latest tips (2) and tricks,
create a new Version Cue project (3),
synchronize color management settings
across a range of Adobe applications (4),
save fi les in groups (5) and access recently
used fi les and folders (6).
If Bridge Center is not displayed in the
Favorites panel then open the Edit >
Preferences > General dialog and select the
option from the Favorite Items section.
BOX BLUR FILTER
Bridge Home
Menu: Window > Bridge Home
Shortcut: – See also: Bridge Center
Version: CS3
Bridge Home in CS3 replaces Bridge Centre
in the CS2 version of the programs. The
feature still remains a pivot point for
information but rather than this panel
being the place to fi nd previously opened
fi les, saved collections and centralized
color settings, as it was in the last release,
Bridge Home now houses online tutorials
and product information.
You can display the Bridge Home panel
by clicking on the entry in the Favorites
panel or by selecting Bridge Home from
the Window menu.
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Photoshop CS3 A–Z
Bridge
Menu: File > Browse
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Alt/Opt O See also: Bridge Center,
Bridge Home
Version: CS2, CS3
The Bridge feature, which was fi rst
introduced in CS2 as Adobe super browser,
replaces the standard fi le browser option
found in previous versions of Photoshop.
In CS3 the program gets a revamp,
sporting a new interface and some great
new features. Bridge 2.0 now has a three
panel interface which makes the most of
the wide screen arrangements that many
image makers are now using. Panels can
be opened, resized and pushed and pulled
around so that you create a workspace
that really suits your needs and specifi c
screen arrangements. You can even stretch
Bridge over two screens, choosing to use
one screen for previewing and the other for
metadata, favorites or content (thumbnail
representation of your asset collection).
Using Bridge – Selecting File > Browse
displays Bridge and the fastest way to open a
fi le from your picture library is to search for,
and select, the fi le from within Bridge and
then press Ctrl/Cmd O. If Photoshop is not
the default program used for opening the
fi le, select File > Open With > Photoshop.
Multi-selected fi les in the browser can also
be opened in this way.
Bridge is a separate application to
Photoshop (stand alone), has its own
memory management system and can be
opened and used to organize and manage
your photo fi les without needing to have
Photoshop running at the same time.
To locate fi les – Files can be located by
selecting the folder in which they are
contained using either the Favorites
or Folders panel or the Look In menu.
1) Look In menu.
2) Favorites panel.
3) Preview panel.
4) Metadata and Keywords panel.
5) Content area – thumbnails.
6) Display modes and thumbnail size slider.
7) Loupe view
8) Delete, rotate, new folder, compact mode
and show options.
9) Filter panel.
Alternatively, the Edit > Find command
can be used to search for pictures based on
fi lename, fi le size, keywords, date, rating,
label, metadata or comment.
To manage fi les – Bridge is more than just
a fi le browser, it is also a utility that can
be used for sorting and categorizing your
photos. Using the options listed under the
Label menu, individual or groups of photos
can be rated (with a star rating) or labeled
(with a colored label) and these tags can be
used as a way to sort and display the best
images from those taken at a large photo-
shoot or grouped together in a folder.
Labels and ratings are applied by selecting
(or multi-selecting) the thumbnail in the
Bridge workspace and then choosing the
tag from the Label menu. Shortcut keys
can also be used to quickly attach tags to
selected fi les.
Bridge 2.0 introduces a new approach to
locating images – Filters. Housed in a panel
of its own, this new feature displays a list of
fi le attributes such as fi le type, orientation,
date of creation or capture, rating, labels,
keywords and even aspect ratio. Clicking
on a heading alters the content display
to show only those fi les which possess
the selected attribute. Selecting a second
Filter entry reduces the displayed content
further. Using this approach, it is possible
to reduce thousands of photos to a select
few with several well-placed clicks in the
Filter panel. If you like the look of the photos
that you have accumulated in the set then
right-click on a thumbnail and choose the
Group as Stack option from the pop-up
menu. Bridge now supports image stacks
or groups as a useful way of keeping images
with similar content or taken in a single
session together.
Viewing thumbnails – One of the real
bonuses of Bridge is the multitude of ways
that the thumbnails can be viewed in the
workspace. Two different controls alter the
way that Bridge appears – Workspace and
View.
Workspace controls the overall look of the
Bridge window and is centered around the
Window > Workspace menu. Panels can be
opened, resized, swap positions, be grouped
together and pushed and pulled around so
that you create a work environment that
really suits your needs and specifi c screen
arrangements. Once you are happy with
the layout of the workspace use the Window
> Workspace > Save Workspace option
to store your design. Most View options
are grouped under the View menu and
essentially alter the way that thumbnails
are presented. Here you can choose to
show the thumbnails by themselves with
no other data (View > Show Thumbnail
BRIDGE
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Before
After
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Bridge – View modes
Menu: Bridge: View > As
Shortcut: – See also: Bridge, Sort fi les,
Workspace
Version: CS2
Bridge contains a range of ways that your
images can be displayed and browsed. Listed
under the View menu are options for viewing
your pictures as thumbnails (1), in a fi lmstrip
(2), with details (3) and with saved versions or
alternates (4). To switch between view modes
you can select the desired option from the
View menu or press one of the view buttons
at the bottom right of the Bridge screen. Also
included in the View menu are options for
displaying selected photos in a slide show,
sorting images according to a variety of
criteria and switching Bridge to its Compact
Mode. Another way to organize the look of
the Bridge work area is with the options
found under Window > Workspace.
Brightness/Contrast
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast
Shortcut: – See also: Curves, Shadow/
Highlight
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
The Brightness/Contrast command helps
you make basic adjustments to the spread
of tones within the image.
When opened you are presented with a
dialog containing two slider controls. Click
and drag the slider to the left to decrease
brightness or contrast, to the right to
increase the value.
Keep in mind that you are trying to adjust
the image so that the tones are more evenly
distributed between the extremes of pure
white and black. Too much correction
using either control can result in pictures
where highlight and/or shadow details
are lost.
As you are making your changes, watch
these two areas in particular to ensure that
details are retained.
BRIDGE VIEW MODES
only) or with metadata details included
(View > As Details).
There is also an option to display the content
as a impromptu slideshow. In addition,
Bridge 2.0 also contains the ability to
display multiple pictures in the Preview
panel in a side by side or compare manner,
and a new Loupe tool, which acts like an
interactive magnifi er, previewing a portion
of the image at 1:1.
Tools used in Bridge – Although no
real editing or enhancement options are
available in the Bridge feature it is possible to
use the browser as a starting point for many
of the operations normally carried out in
Photoshop. For instance, photos selected
in the workspace can be batch renamed,
printed online, used to create a Photomerge
panorama, compiled into a contact sheet or
combined into a PDF-based presentation all
via options under the Tools menu. Some of
these choices will open Photoshop before
completing the requested task whereas
others are completed without leaving the
browser workspace.
Processing Raw inside Bridge – One of
the real bonuses of Bridge is the ability to
open, apply conversion settings and save
Raw fi les from inside the Bridge workspace.
Now there is no need to open the fi les to
process via Photoshop. Instead Adobe
Camera Raw can be accessed directly from
inside Bridge – just multi-select the fi les and
then choose File > Open in Camera Raw.
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Photoshop CS3 A–Z
After Bring to Front
Bring to Front
Menu: Layer > Arrange > Bring to Front
Shortcut: Shft Ctrl } See also: Layers palette
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
As well as options for moving layers up
or down one position at a time, the Layer
> Arrange menu also contains items for
placing the selected layer at the very top
(or bottom) of the stack.
Here the Bring to Front option was used
to move the ‘Bottom’ layer to the top of the
stack, effectively making it above both the
‘Middle’ and ‘Top’ layers.
After Bring Forward
Before
Bring Forward
Menu: Layer > Arrange > Bring Forward
Shortcut: Ctrl ] See also: Layers palette
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
To change the order of layers in the layer
stack you can either click on the layer in
the palette and drag it to the new position
or make use of the commands in the
Layer > Arrange menu.
Layers can be moved up and down the
stack using these options. Here we selected
the ‘Bottom’ layer and then chose Bring
Forward. The layer then moves up one
place in the stack, positioning the layer in
between the ‘Top’ and ‘Middle’ layers.
Brightness/Contrast
(CS3)
Menu: Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast
Shortcut: – See also: Brightness/Con-
trast
Version: CS3
The Brightness and Contrast feature has been
overhauled in this new version of Photoshop.
In CS3 the feature has become much more
usable. When moving either slider the black
and white points of the picture remain fi xed,
and only the middle values are adjusted.
Adding Brightness using the original feature
(1) pushed all values towards the highlight
end of the histogram, whereas the same
action in the new version (2) moves the
midtones but maintains the existing black
and white points.
This doesn’t mean that substantial changes
will not result in detail loss but it does make
for a feature that will be more attractive for
the mainstream photographer.
Selecting the Use Legacy option (3) reverts the
feature back to the old way of working.
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BRIGHTNESS/CONTRAST (CS3)
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Brush Presets
Menu: –
Shortcut: B (Brush tool) See also: Brush tool
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
Photoshop is shipped with a wide range
of pre-made brushes which are stored
in several groups in the Brush Presets
palette.
To access a specifi c brush from the library
fi rst display the pop-up palette by clicking
the down-arrow next to the brush stroke
preview in the options bar. Select a group
of brushes from the menu accessed via the
side-arrow (top right). Now scroll through
the brush types and click to select the brush
you want to use.
Ready-made Photoshop brush
libraries can be downloaded
from sites on the internet
that specialize in providing
free imaging resources. After
downloading the fi le, click on the side-
arrow in the top right of the Brush Preset
dialog and select the Load Brushes item
from the menu. Locate the library fi le and
click OK to incorporate the new brushes
into the palette.
Browse
Menu: File > Browse
Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Alt/Opt O See also: Bridge
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2
In CS2 and CS3 this option takes the
user directly to the Bridge workspace. In
previous versions of the program it was this
command that opened the Photoshop File
Browser. Bridge now replaces this feature
and in doing so provides much more power
and control than a simple thumbnail
browser utility.
If it is simple, no-frills fi le browsing that
you are after then CS2 provides the option
of a customized Adobe fi le open (and save)
dialog (1).
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Brush tool
Menu: –
Shortcut: B See also: Airbrush, Pencil tool,
Paint Bucket tool
Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3
The Photoshop Brush tool lays down color
in a similar fashion to a traditional paint
brush.
The color of the paint is set to the current
foreground color. The size and shape of the
brush can be selected from the list in the
Brush Presets list (1) in the options bar.
Changes to the brush characteristics can be
made by altering the settings in the options
bar and the More Options palette.
In addition to changes to the size, blend
mode (2), opacity of the brush (3) and
the fl ow rate (4), which are made via
the options bar, you can also alter how
the brush behaves via the Brushes
palette (5).
To draw a straight line, click
to start the line and hold down
the Shift key then click the
mouse button a second time
to mark the end of the line.
BROWSE
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